Chamdo Aukatsang Jampa Kalden: Joined in the defense of Norbulingka during Chinese invasion. Later with other volunteers he took weapons and ammunition from Norbulingka and set up a defense position below Chakpori where they fought with the invader for two nights.
“Badly outnumbered and outgunned” Jampa and the others tried to escape across the Kyichu but were nearly all killed by Chinese machine-gun fire. Jampa Kalden was wounded and captured. He served in a forced labor camp at the Nachen-drak Hydel plant but escaped to India in 1960.